Poetry English language Essay Example For Students

Verse English language Essay Wars have been around for a long time, truth be told, they have been around as long as people have been near. At the point when you then again, Warfare implies tackling issues forcibly (battling, War). The issues that may result to War could be: to pick up land (this could be to pick up power), to get assets from another nation (oil, gold, and precious stones). Religion (this is the War that we are battling now), to help another nation who is baited (possibly hesitantly) into War, this is known as supporting a partner. I feel that the size of Warfare has changed; right off the bat, the weapons utilized in War nowadays have gotten increasingly complex. Today we use auto reload rifles, slug confirmation vests, bombs with sensors and so forth back in World War 1 (WW1) they utilized rifles, knifes and had no information on the automatic weapons that were utilized by the German armed force. Therefore, more individuals will be slaughtered. Furthermore troops can be moved from significant distances much effectively; previously on the off chance that you were in the English armed force (in the medieval times particularly) you were dispatched off to your area of War and you would walk to any place you were requested to battle. These days you are moved in helicopters or fly planes, so the officers can get to the fight zone all the more effectively, so the activity will be done a lot faster therefore. Most governments have now guaranteed that they have an expert armed force. In WW1 Lord Kitchener figured out how to enlist a large number of British men, about 33% of them were either: unfit, excessively youthful or unwell. Presently the military have gotten increasingly advanced, they do wellness tests and clinical and sedate tests to guarantee that the newcomers are solid and steady for battle. In roughly two or three years I could see myself joining the military, ideally the military, it, truth be told, the future I would like to satisfy as a vocation. In the event that I was called up for the military like they were in WW1 then I would feel sure and mitigated on the grounds that it is simpler to get in there. Furthermore I wouldnt need all the worry with the meetings and getting in. I understand that verse can change as indicated by the styles and mentalities of that timeframes. Much the same as everything else, I have contemplated a choice of War sonnets from a timeframe and I am going to think about the perspectives from those occasions. Ive discovered that for the most part individuals who do battle for the most part feel more joyful on the off chance that they have control over what they do, while individuals who fell unhappier are the individuals who have no force, and compelled to go to fight. The main sonnet we took a gander at was a sonnet by William Shakespeare, we understood that it wasnt intended to be a sonnet however it was a discourse separated from a play called Henry V. The discourse was written in 1599, yet the real occasion occurred in 1415, it wasnt precisely a War, however a fight known as the clash of Agincourt. This fight was being battled in light of the fact that England claimed portions of France and France needed their territory back so Henry V called a fight to stop the French winning back the land. The French were presumably proficient troopers, however the English were under qualified laborers who were constrained into fight. They were taken from their homes, walked to a vessel, delivered over to Calle (on the fringe of France) at that point walk over to the front line. So obviously they would feel wiped out, terrified and depleted. The explanation for this sonnet is for Henry V to propel his military by: reminding them about occasions when they have won previously, give strategies, believe in them. .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 , .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .postImageUrl , .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 , .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:hover , .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:visited , .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:active { border:0!important; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:active , .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f 07d2835c79 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u60884ffd40df621b48738f07d2835c79:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The War Zone EssayAlthough Henry V points his words at his warriors, it is written in the first individual, similar to our English dead. This causes the peruser to feel as though the peruser is on the off chance that they are conversing with them, which makes the sonnet additionally intriguing. Henry additionally utilizes blandishment you noblest English this sort of language causes the fighters to feel more significant than they truly are. He additionally utilizes comprehensive language, by when he says dear companions, he causes it appear as though hes causing them to feel included and needed, this would make them need to do this. The greater part of these troopers were workers, and would utilize the weapons of their exchange, (for example, pitch forks, tomahawks, hammers and so forth). He convinces them that they can do this, really when he says I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips. He convinces them since his military would feel uncomfortable and required their assurance lifting. Henry talks in the conventional language in light of the manner in which he talks in a savvy opulent tone, a sort of language that the greater part of us would not see today, for instance as dreadfully as an irked rock Henry talks in a proper language since he is a high status individual, subsequently a proper language is the thing that suits his status. I realize that Henry V is extremely energized and truly appreciates War. I know this since he was the person who sends them out to War in any case. In those days the ruler was the person who chose about when or where they did battle. In those days the lords were really at the cutting edge driving the military out onto the front line. These days government individuals sit in workplaces and choose War as they do on videogames. I realize that Henry V appreciates War from when he says the games in progress; this shows he considers War a game and something that is should be delighted in. So he causes different officers to appreciate it too. So the consequence of this would be that Henry V has all out obligation over what occurs. Actually Henrys armed force won the fight so that is an incident. Shakespeare utilizes clear section in his sonnets; clear refrain implies the association of the sonnets, it additionally is utilized for privileged characters, similar to Henry V was. So it is a method of recognizing fundamental characters in Shakespeares plays. A case of this is again unto the penetrate again. This contains something clear section consistently contains, for example, poetic pattern, which implies the depiction of clear stanza.

Bank of the Philippine Islands Free Essays

BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) is that country’s second-biggest bank, trailing just Metropolitan Bank ; Trust. It is additionally the Philippines’ most established bank and one of the most seasoned of every Asian bank. BPI offers a full scope of business and retail money related administrations, including corporate account administrations, resource the executives, and financier and other monetary counseling administrations. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bank of the Philippine Islands or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now BPI’s retail arrange incorporates in excess of 700 branches all through the Philippines, just as branches in New York, Hong Kong, and Tokyo. The bank likewise works a system of in excess of 1,200 mechanized teller machines and in excess of 8,500 retailer-based retail location machines. In 1999, BPI spearheaded web based banking in the Philippines with the dispatch of online bank BPI Direct in 1999. Notwithstanding its financial items and administrations, BPI has likewise built up a solid non-extra security activity, mainly under auxiliary BPI/MS Insurance Corporation. Recorded on the Philippines Stock Exchange, BPI has for quite some time been dominant part constrained by Philippines combination Ayala Corporation. * pioneer in electronic banking, having presented the majority of the firsts in the business, for example, * mechanized teller machines (ATMs), * a retail location charge framework * booth banking * telephone banking web banking * versatile banking * possessed by the Ayala Corporation Business Evolution * post World War II time, BPI advanced from a simply business bank to a completely broadened general bank * achieved mostly through mergers and acquisitions in the eighties when it assimilated a venture house, a stockbrokerage organization, a renting organization, a reserve funds bank, and a retail account organization * Since the late 1990s †culminated three bank mergers * 1996 †converged with City Trust Banking Corporation 2000 * fulfilled the greatest merger then in the financial business when it converged with the previous Far East Bank ; Trust Company (FEBTC) * formalized its securing of three significant insurance agencies in the life, non-life and reinsurance fields * 2005 †obtained and converged with Prudential Bank MERGERS April 2007 †Bank of the Philippine Islands (Europe) Plc * October 2008 †BPI, Ayala Corporation and Globe Telecom consented to a Memorandum of Arrangement to shape the country’s first portable microfinance bank * 2009 †went into a key bancassurance association with The Philippine American Life Insurance Company (Philamlife) to frame BPI-Philam Life Assurance Corp Principal Subsidiaries * BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc. * BPI Capital Corporation * BPI Leasing Corporation * BPI Direct Savings Bank * BPI International Finance Limited, Hong Kong BPI Express Remittance Corporation * Bank of the Philippine Island (Europe) Plc, * Ayala Plans, Inc. * BPI/MS1 Insurance Corporation Reasons Of merger * Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala, BPI’s Chairman, said the buy would advance â€Å"enhance† the tasks of BPI with expanded or augmented system. * New motivator bundle by BSP concerning mergers and acquisitions * BPI has been watching out for some great acquisitions so as to reinforce its situation as a rising territorial monetary powerhouse. The merger apparently offers a decent key fit to BPI in infiltrating the alluring client section of Prudential made for the most part out of center market business people. * With the merger, BPI will cement its situation as the country’s second biggest manage an account with consolidated resources totaling P456. 09 billion. * BPI hopes to pick up at any rate 200,000 new records with the procurement. BPI and FAR EAST BANK TRUST COMPANY MERGER The lion's share investors of the Bank of Philippine Islands (BPI) and Far East B ank and Trust Co. FEBTC) endorsed the merger of the two banks, making the consolidated element the tenth biggest money related organization in the district with over $3. 5 billion in capital. The merger shot BPI/FEBTC as the country’s biggest bank, representing 14 percent of the whole banking industry’s absolute assets with combinedâ assets of P372. 4 billion. The blended organization will likewise have the biggest branch system of 680. BPI president Xavier Loinaz, in a meeting, said they expect the coordination of the two banks to be solidified before the finish of March this year. We imagine that by end of March this year, they (merger process) would be falling into place,† Loinaz stated, when gotten some information about the merger timetable. FEBTC president Octavio Espiritu guaranteed FEBTC representatives that they will work out approaches to sift out residual issues in regards to the merger especially the conceivable enormous relocation of FEBTC staff. Wh ile they are finishing the mix, both Loinaz and Espiritu said the presentation of their particular banks in 1999 was generally â€Å"flat†. â€Å"We haven’t seen any development for the year, essentially a similar level as a year ago. Advances are level for 1999,† Loinaz stated, including that BPI’s bottomline was additionally â€Å"flat†. Something very similar with FEBTC, Espiritu said the bank’s pay was down because of advances provisioning adding up to about P2 billion for the year. This year, Loinaz said they are as yet trusting that the economy will pivot. â€Å"Last year was very baffling. We demonstrated a slight drop in (bottomline) the past year,† he included. Loinaz said they don't expect â€Å"too much† from the principal year of merger of BPI and FEBTC. In any case, he educated the investor that for 2000, the professional forma anticipated income per share for the combined bank would be 5. 37 percent, 6. 31 percent in 2001 and 6. 79 percent in 2001. In view of BPI’s shutting cost on Oct. 20, 1999, the day that the merger understanding was marked and declared, the trade proportion spoke to a suggested estimation of P82. 50 for every FEBTC share or an inferred premium of 18 percent to FEBTC’s shutting cost on that day. As indicated by Loinaz, they anticipate working with DBS Bank which presently possesses around 20 percent of the consolidated bank. DBS Bank is the second biggest bank in the area. Step by step instructions to refer to Bank of the Philippine Islands, Essay models

Thirteen Things To Do Over IAP #6-13

Thirteen Things To Do Over IAP #6-13 I am aware that it is no longer IAP, but I figure it’s better late than never, right? 6. Work as an EMT As you may (or may not) know, last IAP I took the MIT EMS class to become a certified emergency medical technician and joined the MIT student volunteer service. There are quite a few members in the service so during the semester, it can be difficult to get shifts during times that you are available. Since I have classes all morning and tennis practice from 5-7pm, I usually end up taking the overnight shifts from 11pm-8am. Thankfully, there is a nifty little bunkroom underneath Stata where the three-person crew stays while on shift, equipped with squishy sofas and bunk beds for sleeping. My plan for the last two weeks of IAP was to take as many shifts as I could while a lot of people were away, otherwise occupied with other IAP-y things. Looking back at the calendar, I managed to claim 37 hours of shifts over two weeks, working mostly on the 8am-12pm and 12pm-5pm shifts. Being an EMT is one of those things where reading the material and knowing the facts can only get you so far. Actually being on scene with a living, breathing person is very different from running through checklists in your head or verbalizing protocols for a state exam. It took me almost a year of watching others, attempting things on my own, doing drills, and talking over countless patient encounters before I really felt comfortable and confident. There is a steep learning curve at first, facilitated by a creeping shadow of pseudo-imposter syndrome that doesn’t seem to go away until you realize that you’re only going to be as good as you believe you can be. I’ve been spending a lot of time in the bunk room this IAP, trying my best to be a sponge (in the best metaphorical sense possible), but during that time, I’ve also had the chance to have some rather interesting conversations with some amazing people. If you want to have really random conversations, I’d suggest getting started before 8am. Your body is, for all intents and purposes, awake, but your mind is still grumpily mumbling about going back to sleep and therefore more likely to spew out random word vomit. 7. Scavenge for food That one time we weren’t on meal plan There is one glorious thing about IAP that is often overlooked amidst all the excitement about travel, learning, and an overall broadening of the student body’s horizons. That’s right: no mandatory meal plan over IAP. During the semester, Maseeh requires that all freshmen enroll in the full 19 meals per week plan and all sophomores have a minimum plan of 12 meals a week, but during IAP, all dining is optional. That one time I fed myself for two weeks I fed myself in a couple of different ways this IAP. For one, I would sometimes go to Trader Joe’s to pick up some oatmeal, fruit, or other sandwich materials (as well as a few free samples) that would last me about a week. Additionally, every time I was on shift in the morning or afternoon, I had the added bonus of being able to eat with the crew, which covered quite a few breakfasts and lunches. The remaining meals were filled in with jaunts to Kendall Square, the student center, or random food-adventures. I love cooking (even though at times I have no idea what I’m doing in the kitchen) so sometimes living in Maseeh and its lack of a proper kitchen space breaks my heart. But I moved in knowingly, making compromises for some of its other positive qualities. That one time I ate sardines for a whole day Right before Juno hit, I went to Star Market to stock up on food in case I couldn’t get out during the blizzard. I hear starving is really bad for you. As I perused the store, I noted the numerous other grocery-shoppers milling about the aisles, the baskets piled high with non-perishable and dried goods, and the eerily barren shelves, à la let’s-prepare-for-the-zombie-apocalypse. Following some sage advice I had received earlier that week, I decided to purchase two tins of sardines as well as a can of green beans that I bought on a whim. With my non-perishable sustenance in hand, I returned to Maseeh, confident in my preparation for the following day. As predicted, there was an ample amount of soft, white snow that coated the ground in a layer of pristine powder, disturbed only by oblong imprints left behind by trail-blazing students. With public transportation out of service and myself in no mood to venture outside, I settled down and heated myself a bowl of scrumptious microwave oatmeal. I mean, it probably would have been scrumptious if I hadn’t decided to mix in a whole tin of sardines, half a can of green beans, and a splash of soy sauce. Yeah, not my finest moment. The sludgy mixture smelled oddly fishy and had a silvery gleam from the parts where slivers of sardine skin caught the glittering beams of lamplight, oh so perfectly. In an effort to save the disastrous experiment, I added more soy sauce and some sesame oil for good measure. It was barely palatable. Not one to waste any food though, I scarfed it down and then proceeded to rinse the taste from my mouth with copious amounts of water. The day passed otherwise uneventfully. The GRTs on each floor had thoughtfully put out a few loaves of bread, peanut butter, jelly, and other assorted snacks in case some students hadn’t prepared themselves adequately for the weather and its accompanying inconveniences. When dinner came around, I was confronted with a frightful little tin on my desk, mockingly labelled “SARDINES”. I needed a new approach. Sardine oatmeal was just not going to cut it. Ever resourceful, I scavenged a slice of bread from the lounge and smeared a layer of creamy peanut butter onto it. Back in my room, I popped open the tin of sardines and carefully removed each tiny, beheaded fish body by its tail before laying them carefully in a neat row on top of the bread. Look at this masterpiece.   The open-faced sandwich was strangely satisfying and I devoured the soft, peppery creation in minutes. The sardine experiment ended up being a success and I survived the snowmageddon. The canned green beans experiment, however, was a great failure. Do not attempt. 8. Go on adventures With more free time on the weekends thanks to a lack of homework or test preparation, I had more time to go out and about. Most of my adventures involve going somewhere to eat, so I took advantage of my meal plan freedom to try new places around Cambridge and Boston: http://www.yelp.com/biz/lucy-ethiopian-cafe-boston-2?osq=ethiopian+food http://www.yelp.com/biz/wheelhouse-boston-3 http://www.yelp.com/biz/shabu-and-mein-cambridge-3 Last year, as I was perusing the internet for interesting things to do during IAP in Cambridge, I stumbled upon the event heading: The Legendary 4th Annual Chocolate Festival in Harvard Square (this year obviously being the 5th annual festival). Free chocolate samples from well-known vendors like JP Licks or Wagamama? Count me in. We trekked through the snow to Café Luna for brunch before taking the 1 bus all the way down to Harvard Square around noon. Since there was still an hour or more before the event officially began, and because of the damp falling snow, we took shelter in the Harvard Coop Bookstore where we ambled through the winding bookshelves aimlessly. Finally, the time came for us to stuff our faces with chocolate: There was a neat little drum performance in the middle of the square during the chocolate festival. Yum. There was also deliciously steamy hot chocolate. 9. Frolic in the snow and survive a snowmageddon The Charles blanketed with snow. Also the gloved hand of Ava 16. Maseeh in the snow. Lying in the snow by Killian Court with Joy 18 and Dora 18. Let’s just say that I really need to invest in some proper snow frolicking gear. 10. Investigate volunteer opportunities I’ve always wanted to volunteer at a hospital so I could not only learn more about how hospitals function on a day-to-day level, but also to interact with and help out patients. Luckily, one of the best hospitals in the country, Massachusetts General Hospital, is a short one-stop T-ride across the river. I took advantage of my free time over IAP to sign-up for a mandatory orientation meeting. During the school year, what with exam dates, psets, and other miscellaneous activities it was hard for me to attend the meetings which were usually scheduled for the middle of the afternoon. Now, the only thing left is my follow-up interview next Tuesday and hopefully I’ll be able to start as soon as possible! 11. Career planning via GECD GECD stands for Global Education Career Development and though I’d heard about it before, I never knew exactly what it was. I’d gotten emails from them about different events but never really paid any attention. Some internet snooping revealed this statement on their webpage: “GECD seeks to empower MIT students and alumni to achieve lifelong success through seamless access to transformative global experiences, comprehensive and holistic career services, and mutually beneficial connections with employers and with graduate and professional schools.” Over IAP, I received an email from the GECD office concerning IAP site visits. Curious, I opened it up and found out that they had coordinated with some Boston and Cambridge area companies such as CDK Global and Google to have a group of around 30 students, both undergraduate and graduate, come in for a visit. Since I also have an interest in research, I’ve been looking into summer internships at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. One of the sites was to Vertex Pharmaceuticals: I signed up and when Friday the 23rd arrived, I put on some sharp business attire and took the long T ride and stroll through downtown Boston and into Seaport. Downtown Boston looking beautiful in the crisp winter cold.   During the visit, we got to hear from a human resources representative about career opportunities, the culture at Vertex, and general information about the actual laboratory space. Next, a panel of MIT alumni came out and fielded general questions, being sure to specifically address how their MIT background made a difference in their career trajectories. A tour of the facilities concluded the visit and I left, not only better acquainted with Vertex, but also with some of the ways in which GECD provides services to students. 12. Learn new things Sometimes I imagine that I could spend all of my days lying on the floor and staring at the ceiling. But when it comes down to it, I get fidgety and I start looking for ways to spend my time. I’ve been working at Tufts Medical Center since this summer on a clinical research project. We are currently in the data analysis phase so I decided that I was going to start learning how to use the SAS data analysis suite. It’s a fairly common statistical analytics software and since I had just taken 6.0001, I figured I could handle learning a new language. I’ve been watching training videos and tinkering around with pretend excel sheets for the last month or so and I’m slowly getting the hang of it. While I’m no course 6, I think Im starting to appreciate how powerful coding can be. 13. Register for classes Remember how I was so indecisive about classes at the beginning of the semester? Well, with registration day sneaking up out of nowhere on February 2, I made some final decisions: 7.05 General Biochemistry 20.310 Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Biomechanics 20.109 Laboratory Fundamentals of Biological Engineering 21F.704 Spanish IV The first three courses are all major requirements and the fourth, Spanish IV, will most likely be categorized under my HASS concentration, which as of now is Spanish, but I haven’t made any permanent decisions yet. 20.109 is my first lab class and while I’ve heard it’s a lot of work (it’s also 1-5pm on Wednesdays and Fridays), I’m really excited for some of the future modules, namely the last one in which we get to build solar cells with the help of viral phages. I ultimately decided to take one less class so that I could leave room for my new UROP. Im super excited to be working in a tissue engineering lab this semester and although Im just now learning a lot of new protocols and methodologies, Im optimistic about this project and the new research direction that Im taking this year.

Summary Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest - 1505 Words

The context of the novel is explored through the background of the author in order to understand the purpose of the text. Ken Kelsey is born in 1935, in La Junta, Colorado.(Biography) During his years at Stanford, he worked as a night attendant on the psychiatric ward of a hospital, where he witnessed the treatment of the inmates and the effects of the sterile structure on their identity and sanity. (NY Times) His experience at the hospital as a aid and as a voluntary experiment subject led to the birth of his 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest. (NY Times) Through the novel, he communicates his dissent against the post-war society that castrates men by sypressing their sexulity and sacrifices their spirit. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest, he constructs a mental ward that held microcosmic resemblance to the post-war American society. He critiques power in American society through descriptions of the Combine and highlights the virtues of male strength and sexuality by placi ng them in opposition to the ruthless characteristics of females. Nurse Ratched, an oppressive female figure of power, emasculates her patients to empower herself. She represents Kesey s fear of a feminizing society. Randall McMurphy’s struggle against Nurse Ratched and the system of the â€Å"combine† represents a struggle between gender for power. His culminating sacrifice for the group by attacking Nurse Ratched is analogous to a rape act, which links manhood with virility. The inconclusive

Cell Phones And Its Effects On Society - 888 Words

Cell phones are one of the numerous technologies that have changed our lives in astounding ways. Similar to any external stimuli, cell phone usage can form an addiction that negatively impacts your life. Two covers for The New Yorker, â€Å"Unmasked† and â€Å"Sweet Nothings† convey the same message of cell phone addiction distracting people from living in the present moment and enjoying their lives. â€Å"Unmasked† depicts parents taking their children trick-or-treating, which would normally be an enjoyable moment for any parent, but in this case the parents are engrossed in their phones. The image has a very eerie feel to it, everyone and everything is dark colors. The only warm colors come from the white masks the children wear, the orange tinted light emitting from the doors and windows of the three houses, and the white light being emitted from the parent’s cell phone. The light from the parent’s phones effectively creates a mask, covering them from their children and the enjoyment right in front of them. The image suggests that the parents are in the Halloween spirit too, but their costume is that of a zombie who mindlessly walks around. The face of the houses in the picture are similar to the face of a human faces, suggesting that inanimate objects are viewing the joyous moment more than the parents. In her essay â€Å"Our Cell Phones, Ourselves† Christine Rosen quotes a study by Erving Goffman, stating â€Å"One of the groups Goffman studied keenly were mental patients†¦how often people whoShow MoreRelatedCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world resemble in the event that we didn t have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at t his phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society. Cell phones, as we know them haven’t been around for that long. The quickRead MoreCell Phone Effect on Society1526 Words   |  7 PagesClass Date Title How often do we see some people in society now a days on their phones? Whether this be to someone checking their Facebook or just messaging their friends to let them know where they are. How often could you witness to how they could cause accidents such as not paying attention when crossing the road, crime such as the increase in phones being stolen, or car accidents in the split second in which one is looking down at their phone rather than paying attention to what is on the roadRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1400 Words   |  6 Pagespossible to carry a phone and still use it, since then there have been millions upon millions released through these forty three years of its existence, every year with a different model, system, camera, you name it, the possibilities are endless! The advantages cellular devices hold over us are massive, from calling a friend situated halfway across the world to ordering food for Memorial High School’s 5th period lunch. Another m ajor factor of our 24/7 nonstop use of the cell phone is texting. TextRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society940 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones have been around for hundreds of years. It’s no surprise that more and more people are beginning to partake in cellphone use. Cell phones provide society with an easier way of communicating and obtaining information, but at the same time there are some negative consequences. What most people don’t realize is that cellphones are actually quite harmful to modern society. Scientifically cellphones emit radiations that can potentially produce fatal results. Overall cellphones haveRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthis technology, the cell phone was created and over the years has advanced itself. The cell phone has become a necessity to many. All ages use this mobile device for either personal or business uses. Higgins states that the amount of cell phones active has increased from â€Å"one billion in 2000 to 6 billion.† Although cell phones paly an important role in the lives of many, the negative possibilitie s could cause destruction to our society. According to Russell Ware, a cell phone is â€Å"any portable telephoneRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society3111 Words   |  13 Pagesback to the office on the cell phone†, said Seven Spielberg. Everywhere you are no matter what, you will see someone in contact with his or her cell phone. The effects of them cause negative and positive outcomes within our society. Cell phones have influenced society both positive and negative ways regarding teenagers life, social interactions, emergencies crimes, and health. Cell phones have negatively affected teenager’s life in more than one way. First cell phones are a distraction to the wayRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1698 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and technological advances in communication, such as smartphones, were initially introduced in society to connect individuals together. However, because of the growing obsession of smartphones and technology, it becomes evident that technology is causing an opposite effect. The addiction of smart phones and technology has pushed individuals even farther apart. Further, in cell phones, an individual has a different life unknown to the people around him or her. In other words, individualsRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society2122 Words   |  9 PagesCell phones have become a necessary evil in today s society according to some people. While cell phones can have positive effects, easy access to friends and family also with the police force, paramedics, and firefighter s. The negative effects of cellphones outweigh the positives. Cellphones are dangerous and their use in today s society should be limited. From when the first cell phone was invented to the new apple IPhone 6 since coming out people have been addicted to them. People have gottenRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1839 Words   |  8 Pagesaffected by cell phones and mobile phones’ temptations have reduced face-to-face communication among people, attracted people from their study and work, and even harmed their health and life, it is urgent now to find detailed origins behind such phenomenon of cell phone addiction and then find solutions to this serious problem. Until now, on this topic many researchers have investigated people’s average using times of cell phones per day, people’s average amount of time of using cell phones per day,Read MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society1991 Words   |  8 Pagesadvantage of it, but is this a good thing? Cell phones are taking over people’s lives and the pattern is going to continue if people keep using cell phones the way they are, and allowing their children to use them equally as much. One s relationships, values, and time management would all be better if cell phones were not as significant of a part of people’s lives as they have become. Howard Rheingold says it so beautifully and accurately. Cell phones and other technology is changing the world and

A Survey of Biometric Fusion Free Essays

A SURVEY OF BIOMETRIC FUSION The Article â€Å"A SURVEY OF BIOMETRIC FUSION† is Taken from Journal IJ-ETA-ETS ( International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Applications in Engineering, Technology and Sciences ) which is written by Ratnasukamal Mohurle ( Prof. , Dept. of Electronics A ; Telecom. We will write a custom essay sample on A Survey of Biometric Fusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, India ) and Milind Rane ( Student, Master Degree Program in Signal Processing at Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, India ) . Biometric systems are agencies by which the physical ( or sometimes behavior ) characteristics are used to place a individual or verify the individuality of an machine-controlled individual. It is based on fingerprints, flags, facial images, manus geometry, and talker acknowledgment, among others. The successful executing of biometric systems requires turn toing a figure of issues, including truth, efficiency, hardiness, pertinence, and catholicity. To better the public presentation of biometric system we use of multiple types of biometric informations or method of processing. Fusion methods are used in such diverse Fieldss as Internet hunt engines, analysis of satellite imagination, and analysis of medical trial consequences. Fusion, it is based on uniting informations at assorted degrees. The chief intent of Fusion has been used successfully for old ages in designation systems automated fingerprint graduated table ( AFIS ) , which combine informations from multiple fingers and multiple processing methods ; so. Now a twenty-four hours, assorted signifiers of merger are used in a figure of different types of biometric systems. It can be used to turn to a figure of issues faced by the interior decorators, implementers, and operators of biometric systems as FirstAccuracyin this Fusion can be used really efficaciously to better the overall truth. The truth of biometric system is normally expressed in footings of maximising the True Accept Rate1 ( TAR ) and minimizes the False Acceptance Rate ( FAR ) . SecondEfficiencyin this Fusion can be used to increase efficiency, or to let tradeoffs between efficiency and truth. ThirdRobustnessit refers to the ability of a system to go on to work every bit accurately as p ossible despite the jobs. FourthlyApplicabilityit refers to the suitableness of a system for a undertaking, the demand to work with bequest informations frequently dictates biometric modes that can be used. it can be used in concurrence with multiple bing information beginnings. And in conclusionUniversalityit can be used, for grounds such as amputations, hurts or unwellness. Multimodal systems and multiple cases can offer options so that all people can utilize a system. A sample is converted in characteristic extractor package into a templet ( machine representation, characteristic set ) . The agencies by which informations can be fused are known as thedegreesof merger, which correspond to the phases of treating first phase isDetectoraˆ?degree mergerit involves consolidating the grounds presented by multiple beginnings of natural informations before they are subjected to have extraction. it can profit systems that gaining control multiple snapshots of the same multi-biometric sample.second phase isFutureaˆ?degreemergerit converts samples ( images ) into simplified computing machine representations known as templets or characteristic sets. Third phase isMarkaˆ?degreemergerit refers to methods in which multiple samples, cases, or modes are compared, and the resulting similarity tonss ( or chances ) are combined to organize a individual fused mark. Fourth and last phase isDecisionaˆ?degreemergerit is used in the same instances as scorea ˆ?level merger, but the tonss are turned into match/nonaˆ?match determinations before merger. Now discoursing about the restriction of biometric merger, of class, merger comes at a monetary value. Roll uping extra informations takes clip, adds complexness and cost to the aggregation procedure. Collection of an increased sum of biometric information is likely to increase public concerns about privateness issues and meddlesomeness. Finally I can reason that Biometric merger is defined loosely as the usage of multiple types of biometric informations or processing methods for bettering the public presentation of biometric systems. Fusion works by uniting information from multiple beginnings. This is done to better the truth, efficiency, and hardiness of biometric systems. These documents gives an debut to biometric merger, and intentionally address the assorted ways that merger can be used, the complexnesss of operational utilizations of merger, proficient accounts of the assorted methods of implementing merger, and include extended empirical consequences. Journal Article ( 2 ) : – Comparative Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF The Article â€Å"Comparative Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF† is Taken from Journal GGGI Journal of Engineering A ; Technology which is written by Er. Saurabh Mittal and Er. Ankita Mittal. Now a twenty-four hours, wireless local country webs ( WLANs ) have played a of import function in the information communications A ; networking countries, holding witnessed a important development. In the 802.11 protocol specification, specifies two basic mechanisms of entree, i.e. distributed coordination map ( DCF ) and Point coordination map ( PCF ) . DCF is the most widely used mechanism is a random entree strategy, based on the way of running multiple entrees with hit turning away CSMA / CA protocol. Retransmission of collided packages is managed through binary exponential back off regulations. DCF describes two techniques to be used for package transmittal i.e. indispensable entree mechanism and petition to direct ( RTS ) / ( CTS ) mechanism-clear-to-send. If there is no on-going trans mittal to an internal short ( DEFI ) manner can convey its package. If the medium is busy, a manner has to wait until the terminal of the current transmittal. The back hold is chosen to be a random figure of slots between the channel 0 and the window size contrary ( CW ) . In this paper, we focus on the development of system public presentation DCF, presuming ideal channel conditions and finite burden conditions. In the literature, the output of 802.11 development was carried out by agencies of simulation or by agencies of analytical theoretical accounts with the premises of simplified regulations transporting hold. Now I am discoursing about patterning for IEEE 802.11 DCF, Markov theoretical accounts in distinct clip have been summarized by 802.11 DCF standardized protocols. This theoretical account is so used to deduce the end product channel which is defined as the fraction of clip the channel that is used for existent informations transmittal. In this paper, we focus on the â€Å" public presentation impregnation † , define as the bound range by the being throughput by increasing the offered burden. The fake bing burden has been created harmonizing to a Poisson arrival procedure of fixed size packages ( equal to 8184 spots ) , where the reac hing rate was varied throughout the simulation to fit burden offered ideal. The chief function of this attempt is the analytical appraisal of transmittal channel, presuming ideal channel conditions and finite burden conditions. During the analysis, a fixed figure of Stationss and obtained the stationary chance that the station transmits a package in a generic clip slot is assumed. We express the public presentation of basic methods and RTS / CTS entree based on the deliberate value. In IEEE 802.11 DCF, there are two options for medium entree, viz. 1 ) the basic entree strategy and 2 ) the request-to send attention of the line uping behavior based on the M/G/1/K theoretical account, and 2 ) the â€Å"service subsystem† that characterizes the service clip distribution. Finally from above given article we have understood an analytical theoretical account to analyze the public presentation of IEEE 802.11 DCF in footings of impregnation conditions and finite burden. The chief part of our survey is that we consider the impact of different realistic factors together, including binary exponential back off, assorted incoming traffic tonss, line uping system at the MAC bed, and imperfect radio channels, which has ne’er been addressed in a comprehensive mode before. In the analysis, we derive some public presentation prosodies common web, such as package transmittal chance, the chance of hit and channel public presentation. We should detect that the maximal accomplishable capacity is the same burden conditions as for finite impregnation status after which goes into impregnation. Besides with increasing arrival rate of packages from nodes postulating public presentation remains the same. Extensive analysis and simulation consequences show that our ana lytical theoretical account can accurately foretell the hold and throughput of IEEE 802.11 DCF under different channels and traffic conditions. Journal Article ( 3 ) : – The importance and development of nucleus route web The Article â€Å"The importance and development of nucleus route network† is Taken from Journal GGGI Journal of Engineering A ; Technology which is written by Praveen Aggarwal and Saurav Jaglan. Road conveyance is the lone manner that can give the best service to each and every one. This manner besides has maximal flexibleness to go with mention to the path, way, clip and velocity through any agencies of route vehicle. Door to door service is possible merely on the route. The other manner to state, Air, H2O and rail has to trust on route conveyance service to and from their several terminuss. Therefore, it is necessary The route web non merely to function as a eating system for other manners of conveyance and to finish them, but besides to supply independent travel route by a well planned route web f. It has been shown that a paved surface in moderately good status can lend to salvaging of 15 to 40 per centum in vehicle. The route web of 3.34 million kilometres of India is the 2nd largest in the universe and consists of different classs of roads. Now on the nucleus web is the web of all rural roads that are necessary to supply basic entree to all shops. Identified out of the entire route web and bing roads, and this must be kept in good status at all times. The ground of taking nucleus web is because it helps in optimising the demands, upgrading and care of roads at lesser cost, integrated route web facilitates, provide an inducement to husbandmans to bring forth more marketable excess and besides helps in societal development of rural countries as schools, infirmaries A ; authorities services. There are four major stairss involved in set uping the nucleus web ; first readying of block maps as per the territory rural route be aftering manual, 2nd is placing the market centres, third is totaling the roads and tabular matter of informations, 4th or concluding is placing the nucleus web. To making thes e type of undertaking there are some utile tools used the first 1 is MapInfo it enables to execute complex geographic analysis such as redistricting, accessing informations, dragging and dropping map objects, making thematic maps and much more. Second one tool is Microsoft Excel it is a portion of MS Office used for the readying of stock list, and last A ; really of import Turbo C it is a simple codification used in picturing the footing of our undertaking. Finally we can state that India has a web of rural roads of about 2.70 million kilometers which constitutes over 80 % of the entire route web. Centrally funded â€Å" Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna † ( PMGSY ) was launched in December 2000, with the end of supplying all-weather route connectivity more than 45 % of families are still non connected by route all the clip. To accomplish the nonsubjective the nucleus web construct is introduced. The nucleus web is composed of bing roads and main roads which are non connected lodging constructed. Primary web is non all bing roads since the end is to set up â€Å" basic entree â€Å" , i.e. , one all-weather route connectivity to each flat. In the present survey attempts have been made to develop the route web nucleus or to place the roads that constitute the chief route web. a rapid method of placing roads in the computing machine nucleus web was developed. Mentions: – Degree 0Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology 2014 How to cite A Survey of Biometric Fusion, Essay examples

Organizational Research and Theory

As defined by Daft (2009), organizations are bodies with goals, structured and coordinated activities, and are linked to the external environment (p.11). Organizational theory depends on how a company operates and how the environment affects the running of the organization. In simple terms, organizational theory, also referred to organizational behavior, is defined as the study of how individuals or groups of persons act in an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Research and Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organizational research and design are essential during restructuring or effecting changes in organizations; however, it is essential to apply the correct organizational changes to increase effectiveness and efficiency (Bollingtoft, Hakonsson and Niesen, 2009, p.79). Organization theory is a tool used by managers to understand, diagnose, and respond to organizational needs ( Daft, 2009, p.10). This theory can be applied to all industries, for-profit and non-profit organizations. Since organizations are not static, there is need for constant changes to adapt to new environment in the market. Some of the causes of the constant change include globalization, competition, diversity, technology, ethics, and social responsibility. On the other hand, organization designs are means of evaluating which/and why certain methods are chosen to effect and manage structure and culture, and to control activities in order to achieve goals. Moreover, the benefits of proper organizational design are; the company is able to handle contingences, gains competitive edge, facilitate management of diversity, and promote efficiency, speed, and innovation. Introduction to Organizational Theory Code of ethics provides a framework of operation and code of conduct for persons and stakeholders in an organization (Berbeito, 2004, p.122). Code of Ethics The intent of this code is to gui de all stakeholders and employees on lawful and ethical behavior. This code applies to all people including the directors. Various codes of ethics are discussed below. Compliance with laws, regulations, rules, and policies: The employees and the directors should learn and comply with the rules, regulations, and policies of the company and the government, while any contravention will result to disciplinary measures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conflict of interest: Employees should not engage in activities that will result in conflict of interest; they should engage in acts that promote the interest of the company. Employees’ relations: Employees should promote harmony and avoid discrimination at the work place. In addition, they should embrace diversity, inclusiveness, and understanding. Confidential company information: Confidential company information is defined in three ways: information that is not known to the public, information that confers the company economic advantage and any information that reasonable measures are taken to keep it secret. All employees have the obligation of protecting classified information from the public domain or other competitors. The employees have a clear understanding of what information is confidential or not. Violation: Violation of the code of ethic will result to disciplinary measure to the parties involved, and this may be in form of dismissal, legal recourse, or compensation for losses incurred by the firm as a result of employees failure to comply with the code of ethics. The relationship between organizational theory, design, and change on one hand and organizational structure and culture on the other hand is that, they both depend on each other and influence one another to an extent that neither will be effective without the presence of the other. Organization culture refers to the common values and norms that control how individuals in an organization interact. It includes interaction between members in the organization, with customers and suppliers and other persons outside the organization. On the other hand, the organizational designs are routes picked by managers to manage the structure and culture, while change is the process of current position to a desired one. Organizational structure involves formal or informal frameworks and policies that define reporting relationships, procedures, controls, and authority and decision-making processes. Moreover, organizational structures are indicators of type of culture in an organization. Managers can use these structures to shape the culture, values and strengthen or introduce the desired culture (Daft, 2009, p.381).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Research and Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational Design within the Global E nvironment There are several types of organizational structures used in organization, each having its advantages and disadvantages. Centralization is a structural policy where the decision-making organ of the organization is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy while decentralization is structure where decisions are made in consideration of all levels of the hierarchy (Griffins and Moorhead, 2009, p.418). Employees at the lower end of hierarchy are involved in decision-making in decentralization, while in centralization, they are not involved. The importance of decentralizing is that decisions are made by the persons who are involved in the implementation – lower rank staff. The factors that affect the balance between centralization and decentralization are purpose and goals of an organization, knowledge, and experience of the executives, size of the organization, geographical dispersion, technical complexity of tasks, and the period of the decision. Furthe r, others include the importance of the decision, views of subordinates, planning and control procedures, and environmental factors (Rao Rao, 1999, p.105). Mutual adjustments and standardization are important in a business organization; however, their application varies from firm to firm. Primarily, mutual adjustment is informal communication between employees about process of their work. On the other hand, standardization refers to planning and implementing of standards and procedures that regulate the performance of duties in an organization (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2009, p.241). The tasks are specified and programmed by rules and procedures to obtain the required results. Factors that influence striking a balance between mutual adjustment and standardization are size of an organization, level of skill and knowledge of the staff, types of tasks involved and technicality of the tasks. Dependency theories indicate that organizations are interlinked in inter-organizational and societ al networks that influence inputs and outputs, beliefs and norms (House GLOBE, 2004, p. 81). The Resource dependency theory is the most well developed theory of inter-organizational partnership. The basic assumption of resource dependency theory is that individual organizations do not have all the resources they need to achieve their goals, thus they must acquire resources such as money, people, support services, and technological knowledge from other sources in order to survive.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The motivation of inter-organizational linkages is that it provides stability in organization. These networks help organizations to deal with the uncertainty of lack of resources in the future and to achieve similar, compatible, or congruous goals. In addition, similarity in values and attitudes make the formation of inter-organizational linkages more probable and make these linkages more stable over time. A firm may at times engage in strategic alliances, which are links that firms form in a specific area with other firms; the nature could be arms-length contracts to joint ventures (Yoshina and Rangan, 1995, p.4). Primarily, alliances aid firms to learn new techniques and technology of production from other firms. On the other hand, resource sharing facilitates use of expensive technology, which smaller firms cannot afford. These alliances can sponsor and fund research programs that aid in availability of information and technical advancement, they provide a quicker means of growin g ones organization (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2008, p.187). Designing Organizational Structure Organization structures are essential parts of an organization as they determine how efficiently and effectively an organization accomplishes its goals and objectives. This will involve empowerment, which is a motivation concept that enables employees to achieve desired levels of performance; it occurs when employees are trained and equipped with tools, and information and are fairly rewarded for their contribution (Jain, 2005, p.173). An organization will as well require manage cross-functional teams and self-managed teams, whereby the former involves works teams with members of the same hierarchy level but from different fields of work who come together to accomplish a task, and the latter involves a group of employees who are endowed with authority to make decisions on how its members perform their duties (Boone Kurtz, 2010, p.395). In tall organizational structure, the management should provide empowerment, which is associated to enabling rather than delegating duties, hence employees have capacity to engage and participate in attainment of organizational objectives. By use of self-managed teams, the organization benefits from sound decisions, as decision are made by the persons who are tasked with implementing, hence there is more owning of the decisions. According to DuBrin (2008, p.256), most organizations find it important to address the issue of bureaucracy, which is a systematic mode of organization where regulations and techniques of control are laid. As an organization becomes bureaucratic, it crushes individualism; the people at the top of the hierarchy become further removed from the dynamics of human relations at the problem-solving level, while organization becomes inflexible, which decreases the ability of an organization to respond to changes in the market. Moreover, over-bureaucratization causes inefficiencies in organizations as there is conf using titles and overlapping roles and duties of employees. Nevertheless, bureaucracy characteristics assist managers to formulate hierarchies of authority and specific regulations, which brings order, and prevent abuse of power in organization. By decentralizing, managers can lower the cost of bureaucracy as lower-level managers can make decision (Hill Jones, 2009, p.386). Organizational Specialization, Coordination, and Management of Culture Organizations should participate in CSR activities; indeed, the participation in CSR by companies does directly reflect or promote growth in a company. The promotion of the well-being of its staff influences their productivity. In addition, an organization benefits from increased financial performances and improved relationship between the customers, employees and the community. Corporate organizations are involved in CSR to recognize the significance of its stakeholder with the aim of bringing sustainable results to benefit both the communit y and the company. Customers are drawn to consume products from organizations that are corporate friendly even if they are sold at a premium rate. In terms of environmental conservation, organizations have to maintain and protect the environment in which they operate, and preserve the natural resources. Functional structure is a structure that splits its organization into different departments depending on their roles and functions namely accounting and human resources. These departments are headed by line mangers, with the overall head of the organization being a chief executive officer who is in charge of the whole organization (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2009, p.314). One advantage of functional structure is that it allows specialization and active sharing of information among the various functions in the organization, as well as supporting the use of business level and corporate level strategies. This structure is mainly used in simple organizations that have little diversific ation. An organization may also organize itself around a multidivisional structure, which separates various departments or divisions in an organization led by divisional managers. This is a contrast to functional structure, which has all the branches of the organization under one key leader. Another distinction between the two is that multidivisional structure groups divisions of an organization based on products, services or the market, while functional structure has departments that are based on the functions they play. Therefore, multi-divisional structure can be adopted by organizations when they grow and develop, and there is need for diversifying the products or market. Organizations that produce several types of products or services or conduct their business in different countries or regions also adapt multi-divisional structure. Finally, organizations that cater and produce goods to different customers also favour this organization structure. Organizations move to multidivis ional structure as they grow and diversify their businesses; indeed, this structure enables the managers to compare the performance of each division in terms of profitability (Hill Jones, 2009, p.427). In addition, organizations shift to multidivisional structure when entering new markets and/ or start to produce different products and services to a variety of markets (product diversification). Organizational Design in Changing Global Environment Due to the ever-changing global business environment, organizations have to embrace designs that address the issue of technical complexity, which refers to the level that machinery is used in production at the expense of human resources. Continuous-process technology involves productions, which are entirely mechanized, and complex technology is involved. Technical complexity is higher in continuous process technology since the level of human involvement is very limited; the process also runs continuously from the start to the end (Daft Ma rcic, 2008, p.277). The level of technical complexity of an organization influences the complexity of its structure. Primarily, â€Å"massive technological changes are apparent in areas including manufacturing processes, computer-assisted design, data transmission, advanced communication links, and sophisticated information systems† (Hill Jones, 2009). However, the complexity of an organization structure does not always because of the level of technical complexity. Technical complexity sometimes may result to greater complexity of the employees; this can be dealt with by hiring more qualified and experienced workers, thus raising the cost of operation. Corporate level strategies are strategies that a firm uses to acquire competitive advantage by choosing and managing different groups of businesses competing in different products market (Hill Jones, 2009, p.154). Organizations choose to engage in corporate level strategy to expand their core domain as it facilitates resource allocation process. This is a crucial element in organizations that have multi-business allocation of limited resources. In addition, organizations use corporate-level strategies to expand their business, as the strategy defines the market and helps to evaluate the viability introducing new product lines on top of the existing ones (Hill Jones, 2009, p.285). Similarly, it directs whether to compete directly with other firms or to establish cooperative relationships i.e. strategic alliances are influenced by corporate-level strategy. Corporate strategies determine the type of structure an organization would adapt when they expand from their core domain. In addition, it evaluates the viability of setting up strategic alliances, to what level an organization can diversify and how to enter or leave businesses to maximize the long-run profitability of an organization. When organizations enter new domains, their culture, and structure are likely to be affected or altered. Moreover, some cultures can shift from individualism to collectivism or vice versa. Organizational Change and Stages of Transformation When implementing organizational change, firms have to choose between two main forms of changes, which include evolutionary and revolutionary change. Evolutionary change occurs over a long spell of growth and does not cause any major disturbance to the organizational structure, while revolutionary change is more dramatic or shifts organizational structure (Henry, 2008, p.320). Change is referred to as revolutionary when quantum change radically transforms many elements of a structure of an organization. An example of revolutionary change is sudden closure or merger of some functions or business in organization that result to cut down of staff. An illustration of evolutionary change is improvements or incremental steps to fix a problem or a large part of a system. Organizations are constantly experiencing change caused by various factors in the environment. In this case, planned changes are effected to bring operational efficiency or generate new market, or introduction of new technology while unplanned changes i.e. loss of market or loss of employees can affect organizations negatively. Organization change is any change in the work environment i.e. methods of organizing and running of organizations (Kondalkar, 2009, 159). In addition, organization change can involve major corporate restructuring or minor changes in basic operation procedures. Organization change is also viewed as evolution changes, which result to revolutionary change. Organizations exist in environment that involves constant interaction; there are external forces that contribute to organizational change including technology, socio-cultural changes, political, legal and economics (Kondalkar, 2009, 161). Resistance to change is attributed to both contextual and individual factors. The status quo is the main hindrance of change among individuals, as individuals are accustomed to habits and routines that are difficult to alter. Similarly, the fear of unknown plays a big role in hindrance of organizational change. Contextual factors like roles, attitudes, behaviors, and norms offer resistance to organization change. Therefore, managers should develop and introduce incentive programs that assist employees to accept change. Other factors that cause resistance to change include uncertainty of job security, lack of information, and loss of power or control that may result from the change. Rapidity and the extent of change may also result to resistance; gradual change is easily adapted compared to one that is effected with speed. These types of changes are resisted as they bring about loss of power, downsizing of departments or transfer of managers to sections that are presumed less influential. Moreover, employees in an organization resist technological change if it will result to downsizing or reduce their power and control (Kondalkar, 2009, p.172). Organizat ional Decision Making, Technology, and Innovation The rational approach to decision making is the systematic analysis of a problem and choice of a solution; it consists of two stages, problem identification, and problem solution. It also involves analyzing quantitative data obtained through observations, mathematical analysis or modeling to make long-term decision. There are three main theories that explain the process of decision making in organization – Carnegie decision theory, Garbage Can theory and Incremental theory. Carnegie decision theory illustrates that decisions are not made from a single entity but collection of subunits that comprise an organization. Moreover, Carnegie allows diversity, unlike rational approach (Slack and Parent, 2005, p.263). Garbage Can model/theory factors in, the social and economic structure when making a decision on whom to participate in decision-making and discusses how the cultural values limit the choice outcomes. Garbage Can theory of decision-making indicates that the identification of solution policy does not necessarily arise from problem identification and its analysis. It is important to distinguish Garbage Can model from Incremental model, with the main difference being based on the number and systematic of decisions made; for instance, in Garbage can model, there is flow of multiple decision-making while incremental considers how a single decision is made (Daft, 2009, p.470). Incremental model places less emphasis on the political and social factors that may affect decision-making. Moreover, the incremental decision-making happens over duration of time and not on one spontaneous decision. Innovation is the leading cause of technological change, new and improved methods of operations are being discovered. Technology change enables organizations to produce products and services more effectively. In quantum change, the process is dynamic and continuous; there is constant change in quantum and incremental tec hnology change. This change causes emergence of new range of products, services, industries and affects the economy directly or indirectly. Technological change has resulted to shift of new type of labor, which is cheaper and effective. These changes produce economic growth and increased productivity in the end. They also help to alleviate adverse environmental impact and overcome resource constrains and scarcity (Daft, 2009, p.417). Managing Power, Conflict, and Politics Power, conflict, and politics in an organization seem to be interrelated and interdependent. Power is the â€Å"capacity to influence the attitudes or behavior of others† (Griffins and Moorhead, 2009, p.357); however, politics and influence depend on the â€Å"power relationship between the parties involved.† There is constant competition between different subunits in organization, mainly for resource allocation. This can bring about rivalry among the managers of each subunit with the more influential units influencing decision to their favor. Dominating of a subunit over the others results to conflict whenever a subunit influences decisions without considering the goals of other parties or subunits. Moreover, the subunit in a firm that has the capability of obtaining and controlling most of the resources attain more power over the other subunits. Subunits that are capable of dealing and coping with uncertainty caused by the constantly changing task environment acquire more power over other units. Primarily, prevention, absorption, and acquiring information are methods that organizations can use to cope with uncertainty. The problem of uncertainty can be dealt with by attaining information of likely trends in the future i.e. the information of possible change of prices of raw material in the future help an organization to prepare how to deal with the problem. Another way is absorption, which helps organizations to deal with uncertainties as they affect a subunit. Subunits centra l to work flow, which the other subunits depend on in order to perform their duties, tend to gain power and may influence decision making to their favor. Similarly, subunits that are less centralized from workflow have less power. In addition, subunits that are irreplaceable or non-substitutable exercise power in decision-making, while subunits that are headed by employees who are influential or irreplaceable can use their power and influence to increase the power of their subunits and hence decision-making. Lastly, organization structure can aid a subunit to gain power by allocating roles of decision-making on important issues; subunits, which are actively involved in decision-making, became the most powerful in an organization (Jain, 2005, p.171). Conclusion The organizational research and design are essential during restructuring or effecting changes in organizations. A code of ethics outlines the mode of behavior that is expected from employees of an organization. Organization s tructures like centralization and decentralization determine how organizations make decisions. Additionally, strategic alliances enable organizations to access technology and resources that they cannot afford hence promoting their growth. Empowerment of employees through training and provision of tools and information ensure high productivity of employees, while self-managed teams and cross-functional teams facilitate productivity through cooperation and teamwork. Organizational structure, which may be functional or multidivisional, is important in enhancing the flow of communication and running operations in an organization. Organizations use corporate level strategy to identify the types of product or service they should produce, which markets to venture in or leave and what geographic regions to operate. Subunits can acquire more power through centralization, being capable of handling uncertainties, and ability of subunits to acquire resources. 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